India ink was invented in China, though materials were often traded from India, hence the name. The Chinese inkstick is produced with a fish glue, whereas Japanese glue (膠 nikawa) is from cow or stag. They must be between 50 and 100 years old. The best inks for drawing or painting on paper or silk are produced from the resin of the pine tree. Direct evidence for the earliest Chinese inks, similar to modern inksticks, is around 256 BC in the end of the Warring States period and produced from soot and animal glue. These used plants, animal, and mineral inks based on such materials as graphite that were ground with water and applied with ink brushes. Ĭhinese inks may go back as far as four millennia, to the Chinese Neolithic Period. Egyptian red and black inks included iron and ocher as a pigment, in addition to phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions meanwhile, lead was used as a drier. Ink was used in Ancient Egypt for writing and drawing on papyrus from at least the 26th century BC. The earliest inks from all civilizations are believed to have been made with lampblack, a kind of soot, as this would have been easily collected as a by-product of fire. The knowledge of the inks, their recipes and the techniques for their production comes from archaeological analysis or from written text itself. Many ancient cultures around the world have independently discovered and formulated inks for the purposes of writing and drawing. Several Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink. The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India. Ink, called masi, an admixture of several chemical components, has been used in India since at least the 4th century BC. Ink drawing of Ganesha under an umbrella (early 19th century).
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